Assessment of the quality of Life, Adherence and side effects of Pharmacotherapy in Bipolar Patients being managed in a specialist Hospital in Nigeria.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background:Advances in pharmacotherapy alongside psychotherapy enablesbipolardisorder (BPD) to become a manageable chronic mental condition. BPD has a major deleterious impact on many aspects of a patient's functioning and quality of life (QoL).
Objectives: To assess theprescribed medication, QoL of patients, medication adherence, treatment cost and side effects.
Methods: Adescriptive cross sectional study involving 46 BPD patients. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic, treatment variables and cost of treatment. WHOQoL-Bref was used to assess QoL of the patients. Clinical diagnosis and side effects were obtained from the patients'medical record. Adherence was assessed using tablet counting and side effects were also obtained from the patient.Data obtained were analysed using Systat? for Windows, version 10.2 (Systat Software Inc., USA
Results: All the 46 questionnaires were valid for analysis, 35(76%) of the patients were 18-39 years old and 20(54%) were females. A total of 34(74%)f participants scored above 50% overall average values for QoL. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between QoL reported in correlation with treatment variables.
Conclusion: Patient reported QoL was good and was independent of psychotropic drug regimen prescribed. The medication used are few conventional ones, adherence was high for most patients. Side effects reported received adequate interventions from the hospital staff. The average cost of treatment is not affordable by most of the respondents. Further studies are required in pharmacotherapy of BPD.
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Share
References
1. Esan O and Esan A (2016). Epidemiology and burden of bipolar disorder in Africa. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 51(1): 93–100.
2. Jenkins R, Njenga F, Okonji M, Kigamwa P, Baraza M, Ayuyo J, Singleton N, McManis S and Kiima D (2012). Prevalence of common mental disorders in a rural district of Kenya, and socio-demographic risk factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9: 1810–1819.
3. Mental Health Leadership and Advocacy Programme (2012). Mental health situation analysis in Nigeria. Summary Report; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. pp. 1–19.
4. Ifijeh M (2018). Depression: A misunderstood mental disorder in Nigeria. ThisDay Newspaper, April 13, 2018: 16.
5. World Health Organization (2017). World Health Statistics Report. Available at: [http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2017/en/](http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2017/en/). Accessed March 23, 2018.
6. World Health Organization (2006). Constitution of the World Health Organization. Basic Documents, Forty-Fifth Edition Supplement.
7. Stargardt T, Weinbrenner S, Busse R, Juckel G and Gericke CA (2008). Effectiveness and cost of atypical versus typical antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia in routine care. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics 11(2): 89–97.
8. Araoye MO (2004). Research Methodology with Statistics for Health and Social Sciences. Nathadex Publishers, Ilorin, Nigeria. pp. 115–120.
9. The WHOQoL Group (1998). Development of the World Health Organization WHOQoL-BREF Quality of Life Assessment. Psychological Medicine 28: 551–558.
10. Osahon PT, Dadik J and Erah PO (2017). Quality of life study on psychiatric patients receiving treatment in a specialist hospital in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16(1): 93–100.
11. Weiser S, Wolfe W, Bangsberg D, Thior I, Gilbert P, Makhema J, Kebaabetswe P, Dickinson D, Mompati K, Essex M and Marlink R (2003). Barriers to antiretroviral adherence for patients living with HIV infection and AIDS in Botswana. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 34: 281–288.
12. Onyeama M, Agomoh A and Jombo E (2010). Bipolar disorder in Enugu, South East Nigeria: demographic and diagnostic characteristics of patients. Psychiatria Danubina Supplementary 1: S152–S157.
13. Arnold LM, Witzeman KA, Swank ML, McElroy SL and Keck PE (2000). Health-related quality of life using SF-36 in patients with bipolar disorder compared with patients with chronic back pain and the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders 57: 235–239.
14. Yatham LN, Lecrubier Y, Fieve RR, Davis KH, Harris SD and Krishnan AA (2004). Quality of life in patients with bipolar I depression: data from 920 patients. Bipolar Disorders 6: 279–385.
15. Chand PK, Mattoo SK and Sharan P (2004). Quality of life and its correlates in patients with bipolar disorder stabilized on lithium prophylaxis. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 58: 311–318.
16. Adewuya AO and Makanjuola RO (2010). Subjective life satisfaction and objective living conditions of patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria. Psychiatric Services 61(3): 314–316.
17. Makanjuola AB, Adeponle AB and Obembe AO (2005). Quality of life in patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Practice 48(2): 36–42.
18. Garcia S, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa M, Lopez-Zurbano S, Zorrilla I, Lopez P, Vieta E and Gonzalez-Pinto A (2016). Adherence to antipsychotic medication in bipolar disorder and schizophrenic patients: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 36(4): 355–371.
19. Adelufosi AO, Adebowale TO, Abayomi O and Mosanya JT (2012). Medication adherence and quality of life among Nigerian outpatients with schizophrenia. General Hospital Psychiatry 34(1): 72–79.
20. Adewuya AO and Makanjuola RO (2009). Subjective quality of life of Nigerian schizophrenia patients: sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 120(2): 160–164.
21. Lam JA and Rosenheck RA (2000). Correlates of improvement in quality of life among persons who are homeless and have serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services 51(1): 116–118.
22. Hansson L, Middleboe T, Sørgaard KW, Bengtsson-Tops A, Bjarnason O and Merinder L (2002). Living situation, subjective quality of life and social network among individuals with schizophrenia living in community settings. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 106(5): 343–350.
23. Pan YJ, Yeh LL, Chen YC, Kuo KH and Chang CK (2016). Hospital treatment, mortality and healthcare costs in relation to socioeconomic status among people with bipolar affective disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 2(1): 10–17.