Evaluation of reproductive toxicity profile of ethanol stem-bark extract of Newbouldia laevis on hormonal profile and pregnancy outcome in Wistar rats Évaluation du profil de toxicité reproductive de l'extrait éthanolique d'écorce de tige de <i>Newbouldia laevis</i> sur le profil hormonal et l'issue de la grossesse chez les rats Wistar
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ENGLISH
Background: The use of medicinal-plants for both curative and preventive-purposes has grown significantly throughout the world in recent years, although, contrary to conventional-therapy, herbal-medicine generally lacks detailed research on its safety and possible-risks.
Objective: The side-effects of crude-extract of Newbouldia laevis stem-bark in non-pregnant and pregnant-rats were investigated.
Methods: For the hormonal-profile study, thirty-two (32) male and (32) female rats were divided into four treatment-groups and treated with distilled-water and graded doses: 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg (selected based on LD50 result) of crude-extract of Newbouldia laevis stem-bark daily for 28 days. Blood-samples were collected on day 29 to evaluate FSH, LH, progesterone, and estrogen serum levels in females and FSH, LH, and testosterone in male rats. Forty (40) pregnant-rats were divided into 4 treatment-groups and treated orally for 14 days with distilled-water and crude-extract of Newbouldia laevis stem-bark (250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg). On the 15th day, 5 rats were sacrificed from each group and opened up for evaluation of implantation-sites and the physical-appearances of the fetuses. The remaining five rats were left until parturition for pregnancy-outcome evaluations.
Results: Oral-administration of Newbouldia laevis stem-bark decreased progesterone, estrogen and LH levels in female rats with increased FSH levels. A decrease in the levels of testosterone and LH with an increase in FSH was observed in the male rats. No adverse fetal-development or pregnancy-outcome was seen following a 14-day administration of the crude-extract in pregnant-rats.
Conclusion: Even though the crude-extract did not exhibit any structural-abnormalities in the pregnant-rats, pregnant-women and men should exercise caution when consuming this plant because it can be toxic to the reproductive-system and may affect reproduction.
FRENCH
Contexte: L'utilisation des plantes médicinales à des fins curatives et préventives a connu une croissance significative dans le monde ces dernières années, même si, contrairement à la thérapie conventionnelle, la phytothérapie manque généralement de recherches détaillées sur sa sécurité et ses risques éventuels.
Objectif: Les effets secondaires de l'extrait brut d'écorce de tige de Newbouldia laevis chez les rates non enceintes et enceintes ont été étudiés.
Méthodes: Pour l'étude du profil hormonal, trente-deux (32) rats des deux sexes ont été divisés en quatre groupes de traitement et ont reçu de l'eau distillée et des doses graduelles : 250, 500 et 1 000 mg/kg (sélectionnées en fonction du résultat DL50) d'extrait brut d'écorce de tige de Newbouldia laevis quotidiennement pendant 28 jours. Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés le 29e jour pour évaluer les taux sériques de FSH, de LH, de progestérone et d'œstrogène chez les femelles et de FSH, de LH et de testostérone chez les rats mâles. Quarante (40) rates gravides ont été réparties en 4 groupes de traitement et traitées par voie orale pendant 14 jours avec de l'eau distillée et un extrait brut de Newbouldia laevis écorce de tige (250, 500 et 1 000 mg/kg). Le 15e jour, 5 rats de chaque groupe ont été sacrifiés et ouverts pour l'évaluation des sites d'implantation et de l'apparence physique des fœtus. Les cinq rats restants ont été laissés en liberté jusqu'à la parturition pour des évaluations de l'issue de la grossesse.
Résultats: Administration orale de l'écorce de Newbouldia laevis a diminué les niveaux de progestérone, d'œstrogène et de LH chez les rats femelles avec une augmentation des niveaux de FSH. Une diminution des niveaux de testostérone et de LH avec une augmentation de FSH a été observée chez les rats mâles. Aucun effet indésirable sur le développement du fœtus ou sur la grossesse n'a été observé après une administration de 14 jours de l'extrait brut chez des rates gravides.
Conclusion: Même si l'extrait brut n'a présenté aucune anomalie structurelle chez les rates enceintes, les femmes enceintes et les hommes devraient faire preuve de prudence lorsqu'ils consomment cette plante, car elle peut être toxique pour le système reproducteur et peut affecter la reproduction.
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